Software Application/Game Theory

[Game Theory] Exam-or-Presentation Game (μ‹œν—˜ λ˜λŠ” λ°œν‘œ κ²Œμž„)

πŸ’‘ Game?

 The happiness of each participant with the outcome depends not just on his or her own decision but on the decisions made by everyone. 

κ²Œμž„ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ˜ 결과에 λŒ€ν•œ λ§Œμ‘±μ€ 개개인의 결정에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ κ²°μ •λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ μ˜ν•΄μ„œ κ²°μ •λ˜λŠ” 것.

 

πŸ” Game μ†Œκ°œ

  • λ§Œμ•½ μ°Έκ°€μž λ‘˜λ‹€ λ°œν‘œλ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, λ‘˜λ‹€ 90점씩 μ–»λŠ”λ‹€.
  • λ§Œμ•½ μ°Έκ°€μž λ‘˜λ‹€ μ‹œν—˜μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, λ‘˜λ‹€ 88점씩 μ–»λŠ”λ‹€.
  • λ§Œμ•½ μ–΄λ–€ ν•œλͺ…이 μ‹œν—˜ μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œλͺ…은 λ°œν‘œλ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, λ°œν‘œλ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 86점, μ‹œν—˜μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 92점을 μ–»λŠ”λ‹€.
  B prepared for the Presentation B prepared for the Exam
A prepared for the Presentation A: 90 B: 90 A: 86 B: 92
A prepared for the Exam A: 92 B: 86 A: 88 B: 88
  • 두λͺ…μ˜ μ°Έκ°€μžλ§Œ μ°Έμ—¬ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
  • 각각의 μ°Έκ°€μžλŠ” 개개인의 μ „λž΅μ— 맞좰 κ°œλ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ(SEPARATELY) 행동(Presentation, Exam)을 선택할 수 μžˆλ‹€.
  • μ„ νƒν•œ 행동에 따라 μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ€ Payoff(보상)을 점수λ₯Ό 톡해 받을 것이닀.
  • Rational Play ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

πŸ’‘ Rational Playλž€?

 You and your partner only care about maximizing your own average grade. 

μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ€ 였직 μžμ‹ μ˜ 점수λ₯Ό λ†’μ΄λŠ”λ°λ§Œ 관심이 μžˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ₯Έ μ°Έκ°€μžλ₯Ό 신경쓰지 μ•Šμ„ 것이닀.

 

πŸ” κ²°κ³Ό

μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ 무엇을 ν•˜λ“  당신은 EXAMλ§Œμ„ 선택할 것이닀.

 

Why?

μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ Presentation을 μ„ νƒν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 당신은 Exam을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹κ³ ,

μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ Exam을 μ„ νƒν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 당신은 Exam을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€.

Exam = Strictly dominant strategy

 

πŸ’‘ Strictly dominant strategy ( μ—„λ°€ν•œ 지배적인 μ „λž΅ )λž€?

When a player has a strategy that is strictly better than all other options regardless of what the other player does.

μ„ μˆ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ˜ μ„ νƒκ³ΌλŠ” 상관 μ—†λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ „λž΅λ³΄λ‹€ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 μ „λž΅μ΄ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μ •ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 것을 λ§ν•œλ‹€. 

 

ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μƒλŒ€λ°© λ˜ν•œ Strictly dominant strategy인 Exam을 선택할 것이닀.

 

κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, κ²°κ΅­ λ‘˜λ‹€ 88점을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€.

 

πŸ’‘ Striking Phenomenon ( μŠ€νŠΈλΌμ΄ν‚Ή ν˜„μƒ )

 

μ•„λ‹ˆ,,, λ‘˜λ‹€ λ™μ˜ ν•˜μ— λ°œν‘œλ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λ‘˜λ‹€ μ‚¬μ΄μ’‹κ²Œ 88점보닀 높은 90점을 받을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€...

ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ Rational Play이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 그럴 수 μ—†λ‹€.

 

 

μ°Έκ³  : https://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/networks-book/

λ°˜μ‘ν˜•